of  Chicago 

.\SITY  EXTENSION 

-STUDY  DEPARTMENT 

No.  172.— Price,  10  Cts. 


SITUATION  IN  THE 
FAR  EAST  ^ 


^S. 


'fry 


r 

o 


Of 


SYLLABUS  OF  A 
COURSE  OF  SIX 
LECTURE-STUDIES 


By  TOYOKICHI  1YENAGA,  Ph.D. 
LECTURER  IN  POLITICAL  SCIENCE 


CHICAGO 

Che  mnieersitg  of  Chicago  press 

1903 


EXERCISES 


Topics  for  exercises  are  given  at  the  end  of  the  outline  of  each  lecture.  Answers 
in  writing,  to  not  more  than  twro  questions  each  week,  are  invited  from  all  persons 
attending  the  lecture.  These  should  be  written  on  one  side  of  the  paper  only,  a 
broad  margin  being  reserved  on  the  left.  The  name  of  the  center,  with  some 
signature  of  the  writer,  should  stand  at  the  top  of  the  first  page.  The  exercises 
should  be  sent  to  Toyokichi  Iyenaga,  Th.D.,  The  University  of  Chicago,  Chicago, 
so  as  to  arrive  at  least  two  days  before  the  following  lecture.  They  will  be  re- 
turned at  the  Review,  the  following  week,  with  such  marginal  and  oral  comments  as 
they  seem  to  require.  If  application  is  made  to  the  lecturer,  there  will  be  an  Exam- 
ination at  the  end  of  the  course  for  students  who  are  qualified  and  desire  to  take  it. 

Any  of  the  books  referred  to  in  these  lectures  may  be  obtained  at  special  rates 
from  The  University  of  Chicago  Press,  Chicago,  111.  Prices  will  be  quoted  on 
application. 


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mail  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Lecture-Study  Department,  Uni- 
versity Extension  Division,  University  of  Chicago. 

The  conditions  on  which  University  credit  can  be  secured  are 
given  on  the  second  page  of  the  leaf. 


Cbe  Ulnirersite  of  Chicago 

THE  UNIVERSITY  EXTENSION  DIVISION 

THE  LECTURE- STUDY  DEPARTMENT 


STUDENT’S  APPLICATION 
FOR  REGISTRATION 


University  Extension  Center  at  

Date  of  writing  this  application 

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State  definitely  what  work  has  been  done  in  the  Department  in  which  the  subject  to  be 
taken  occurs 


Remarks. 


Instructor  notified iqo 


(over) 


UNIVERSITY  RECOGNITION  OF  LECTURE-STUDY  WORK. 


1.  Examinations  are  permitted  on  all  courses  of  six  lecture-studies  and 
upwards.  Students  are  qualified  for  the  examination  who  ( a ) have  attended  not 
less  than  two-thirds  of  the  total  number  of  lectures  and  classes  included  in  the 
course  of  instruction ; ( b ) have  written,  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  lecturer,  exercises 
upon  topics  assigned  in  connection  with  not  less  than  two-thirds  of  the  lectures  of 
the  course. 

2.  Credit  for  work  done  on  University  Extension  Lecture-Study  courses  is 
given  on  the  books  of  the  University  on  the  following  conditions : 

a)  No  application  for  credit  will  be  considered  unless  the  applicant  shall  have 
submitted  to  the  lecturer  before  the  examination  a minimum  of  eight  written  exer- 
cises, or  the  equivalent  thereof  in  theses  of  greater  length. 

b ) Applicants  for  credit  must  consult  the  lecturer  at  the  opening  of  the  course , 
when  he  will  designate  subjects  and  topics  upon  which  the  work  must  be  based. 
Formal  registration  must  be  made  with  the  University  before  the  second  lecture , using 
the  reverse  page  of  this  leaf. 

c)  The  applicant  shall  pass  an  examination  on  the  course  at  such  time  as  is 
most  convenient  to  himself  and  his  instructor  either  at  the  University  or,  if  else- 
where, under  supervision  which  has  been  approved  by  his  Dean. 

d)  No  examination  or  other  special  fee  is  charged  applicants  for  credit. 

e)  To  students  satisfying  these  requirements  credit  for  a Minor  will  be  given 
by  the  University. 

/)  If  the  lecturer  or  any  other  leader  approved  by  the  University  conducts  a 
supplementary  class  in  connection  with  a course  of  twelve  lecture-studies,  a student 
doing  satisfactory  work  therein  in  addition  to  the  work  above  mentioned  may  upon 
recommendation  of  the  lecturer  become  a candidate  for  credit  for  a Major. 

3.  A minimum  of  one  year’s  residence  is  required  of  an  applicant  for  a degree. 
Non-resident  work  is  accepted  for  only  one-third  of  the  work  required  for  a degree. 


ASSIGNED  READING. 


LECTURE  I. 

Captain  A.  T.  Mahan  : The  Problem  of  Asia. 

A.  R.  Colquhoun  : The  Mastery  of  the  Pacificr  chaps.  2-5,  1 4— 1 7. 
Valentine  Chirol  : The  Far  Eastern  Question . 

C.  A.  Conant  : The  United  States  in  the  Orient , chaps.  1,  3,  6,  7. 

LECTURES  II-VI. 

A.  T.  Mahan  : Retrospect  and  Prospect. 

P.  S.  Reinsch  : World  Politics , Parts  II,  III,  and  Part  V,  chap.  1. 

Pierre  Leroy-Beaulieu  : The  Awakening  of  the  East , Parts  I and  III. 
A.  R.  Colquhoun  : China  in  Transformation. 

H.  C.  Thomson  : China  and  the  Powers , chaps.  10,  12,  14. 

Sir  Robert  Hart:  These  from  the  Land  of  Sinim,  chaps.  2,  3,  4. 


REFERENCES. 

Brooks  Adams  : New  Empire , last  chapter. 

C.  Beresford  : The  Break-Up  of  China,  chaps.  21,  23,  24,  27. 

F.  Brinkley:  fapan  and  China  (“Oriental  Series”). 

J.  M.  Callahan  : American  Relations  in  the  Pacific  and  the  Far  East  (“Johns 
Hopkins  Studies,”  Series  19). 

A.  R.  Colquhoun  : British  Policy  in  China , Russia  against  India , chaps.  6-9. 

G.  Curzon  : Proble7ns  of  the  Far  East , introductory  chapter. 

Arthur  Diosy  : The  New  Far  East. 

J.  W.  Foster  : American  Diplomacy  in  the  Orient , chaps.  7,  8. 

J.  Inouye  : The  China-fapan  War. 

W.  A.  Ireland  : China  and  the  Powers. 

Alexis  Krausse:  The  Far  East,  chaps.  6-9,  12. 

Townsend  Meredith  : Asia  and  Europe,  pp.  82-137. 

H.  Norman  : All  the  Russias. 

The  People  and  Politics  of  the  Far  East,  chaps.  18-20. 

A.  U.  Rambaud  : The  Expansion  of  Russia:  Problems  of  the  East  and  of  the  Far 
East. 

P.  S.  Reinsch  : Colonial  Government. 

A.  Smith:  China  in  Convulsion , Vol.  I,  chaps.  1-10;  Vol.  II,  chap.  38. 

Vladimir  : The  China-fapan  War;  Russia  and  the  Siberian  Railway. 

On  the  subject  of  Russian  expansion  the  following  works  may  also  be  con- 
sulted : 

Leroy-Beaulieu  : The  Empire  of  the  Tsars  and  the  Russians. 

H.  H.  Munro  : The  Rise  of  the  Russian  Empire. 

F.  Wright  : Asiatic  Russia,  Parts  II  and  IV. 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2017  with  funding  from 

University  of  Illinois  Urbana-Champaign  Alternates 


https://archive.org/details/situationinfareaOOiyen 


LECTURE  I. 


SIGNIFICANCE  OF  THE  FAR-EASTERN  QUESTION. 

I.  Nature  of  the  Far-Eastern  Question. 

“ Unless  a definite  settlement  of  the  problem  in  the  Far  East 
is  thought  out  and  brought  into  effect,  war  is  certain,  and  the 
whole  civilized  world  may  be  compelled  to  share  in  the  con- 
flict.”— Lord  Charles  Beresford. 

II.  The  Countries  That  Constitute  the  So-called  “Far  East.” 

1.  Origin  of  the  phrase  “Far  East.” 

2.  Siberia — its  eastern  half,  the  Chinese  empire,  Korea,  the 
Japanese  empire,  the  French  Indo-China,  the  American 
Philippines,  and  other  foreign  possessions  in  eastern  Asia. 

III.  The  Peoples  Inhabiting  the  Far  East. 

Russians,  Japanese,  Chinese — three  important  factors. 

IV.  Appearance  of  the  Western  Peoples  on  the  Asiatic  Scene. 

English,  French,  German,  and  American.  Their  influence. 
Counter  influence  of  the  Asiatic  developments  upon  the  West. 
The  far-eastern  question  has  thus  become  a world-problem. 

V.  Examination  of  the  Motive  Forces  That  Have  Attracted  the 
Westerners  to  the  Far  East. 

1.  Political.  Reasons  why  xAsia  has  become  the  center  of 
international  politics.  The  political  status  of  Asia.  Cap- 
tain Mahan  on  the  characteristic  of  the  new  political  era. 
America's  participation  in  the  new  movement.  The  acqui- 
sition of  the  Philippines.  The  Monroe  Doctrine. 

2.  Economic.  Accumulation  of  capital  in  Europe  and  Amer- 
ica. Production  of  goods  on  a vast  scale.  The  capital 
needs  profitable  place  of  investment,  the  products  their 
markets.  The  Far  East  — the  best  markets  and  inviting 
fields  of  investment  for  capital.  Economic  advantages 


5 


6 


SITUATION  IN  THE  FAR  EAST 


arising  from  the  acquisition  of  a territory  or  from  its  con- 
trol. The  question  of  commerce  thus  meets  with  that  of 
politics. 

“ Logically  separable,  in  practice  the  political,  commercial, 
and  military  needs  are  so  intertwined  that  their  mutual 
interaction  constitutes  one  problem.” — Captain  Mahan. 

VI.  Two  Groups  of  Nations,  Following  Different  Policies. 

The  United  States,  Great  Britain,  and  Japan  pursue  the  com- 
mercial policy;  Russia  and  France,  the  policy  of  aggrandize- 
ment; Germany,  a “ Mugwump.”  The  effect  of  the  dominance 
of  Russia  and  France  in  the  Far  East.  The  reason  why  the 
United  States  cannot  shut  her  eyes  to  the  political  issue  of  the 
Far  East.  The  mission  and  duty  of  the  United  States  in  the 
Far  East. 

VII.  Mission  of  Japan. 

Marquis  Ito  on  the  mission  and  aim  of  Japan. 

VIII.  Conflicting  Interests  of  Russia  and  Japan. 

Single-handed  combat  between  these  nations  is,  however,  not 
likely  to  come.  The  reasons  for  this.  If  war  comes,  it  may 
be  a world-conflict. 

IX.  The  Position  of  China  in  the  Far  East. 

X.  Influence  of  the  Opening  Up  of  the  Far  East  upon  General  Civili- 
zation. 

1.  Science. 

2.  Art. 

3.  Religion. 

Significance  of  the  contact  between  the  East  and  the  West, 
from  the  standpoint  of  universal  history. 

TOPICS  FOR  EXERCISES. 

1.  Discuss  the  position  and  interest  of  the  United  States  in  the  Far 
East. 

2.  State  the  reasons  why  the  United  States  can  no  longer  extricate 
herself  from  the  political  entanglement  in  the  Far  East. 


SITUATION  IN  THE  FAR  EAST 


7 


LECTURE  II. 

THE  CHINA-JAPAN  WAR. 

I.  Its  Importance  in  Contemporary  History. 

II.  Causes  of  the  War. 

1.  The  Korean  question  — the  immediate  cause.  The  position 
and  importance  of  Korea  in  her  relation  to  China  and 
Japan.  The  state  of  Korean  administration  prior  to  the 
outbreak  of  the  war.  Insurrection  of  Tong-haks  in  1894. 
China  sends  troops  to  quell  the  rebellion.  Murder  of 
Kim  Ok-Kyun.  Japan’s  proposals  to  make  joint  effort 
with  China  for  the  suppression  of  the  disturbance  and  for 
the  reform  of  Korean  domestic  administration.  The  pro- 
posals rejected  by  China. 

2.  The  conflict  between  the  idea  of  progress  and  that  of  con- 
servatism— the  real  cause. 

III.  Military  Operations  of  the  War. 

1.  Naval  fight  at  Phung  Island. 

2.  The  battle  of  A-san. 

3.  The  Pyong-yang  campaign. 

a)  Attack  and  storming  of  Pyong-yang. 

b)  Results  of  the  victory. 

4.  The  naval  battle  off  the  Yalu. 

5.  The  campaign  in  Manchuria. 

6.  Fall  of  Port  Arthur. 

7.  Capture  of  Wei-hai-wei  and  surrender  of  the  Pei-yang 
squadron. 

a)  Night  attacks  of  the  Japanese  torpedo  boats. 

b)  Admiral  Ting’s  surrender  of  the  Pei  yang  squadron  and 
his  suicide. 

c)  Correspondence  between  Admiral  Ito  and  Admiral  Ting. 

IV.  The  Results  of  the  War. 

1.  Li  Hung  Chang’s  mission  to  sue  for  peace. 

2.  Terms  of  the  treaty  of  Shimonoseki. 

3.  The  Triple  Alliance — Russia,  France,  and  Germany  — 
drives  Japan  out  of  the  Liao-Tung  peninsula. 


8 


SITUATION  IN  THE  FAR  EAST 


TOPICS  FOR  EXERCISES. 

1.  Discuss  the  importance  of  the  China-Japan  war  in  contemporary 
history. 

2.  State  the  causes  of  the  war. 

3.  What  benefit  did  the  United  States  derive  from  the  treaty  of 
Shimonoseki  ? 


LECTURE  III. 

CHINA  AND  THE  POWERS. 

I.  International  Position  of  China  before  the  Outbreak  of  the  China- 
Japan  War. 

The  Chinese  “ make-see”  policy  succeeds  in  deluding  the 
European  powers. 

II.  The  China-Japan  War. 

Its  nature.  The  results  of  the  war  upon  the  two  contestants. 

III.  The  Attitude  of  the  European  Powers  Toward  China  After  the 
War. 

1.  Russia. 

2.  France. 

3.  Germany. 

Formation  of  the  Triple  Alliance.  Course  pursued  by 
Japan  to  face  the  alliance.  Change  in  the  political  chess- 
board of  the  Far  East.  Position  of  England  after  the  war. 

IV.  The  Fruits  Reaped  by  the  Members  of  the  Triple  Alliance. 

1.  Raising  of  the  Chinese  loan  of  ^16,000,000  by  the  Franco- 
Russian  combination.  Its  significance. 

2.  Trans-Manchurian  railway  agreement. 

3.  Chinese-French  conventions  of  1895.  Diplomatic  triumph 
of  M.  Gerard,  the  French  minister. 

V.  The  Powers  Embark  on  the  Policy  of  Dismembering  China. 

German  seizure  of  Kiao-Chou.  The  alleged  pretext  of  the 
Germans  in  seizing  the  port.  The  injustice  of  the  proceed- 
ing. Its  significance  in  developing  the  subsequent  events  in 


SITUATION  IN  THE  FAR  EAST 


9 


China.  The  lease  of  Port  Arthur  and  Talien  Wan  to  Russia. 
That  of  Kwang-Chou  Bay  to  France.  Wavering  attitude  of 
Great  Britain  during  the  period.  The  lease  of  Wei-hai-Wei 
and  Kowloon  to  Great  Britain.  Other  concessions  obtained 
by  England.  Demarkation  of  the  Yangtsze  basin  as  the 
English  “ sphere  of  influence. ” 

VI.  Significance  of  These  Proceedings. 

True  meaning  of  “ lease.”  The  future  of  these  leased  portions 
of  land. 

TOPICS  FOR  EXERCISES. 

1.  Discuss  the  policies  of  the  European  powers  in  the  Far  East  after 
the  China-Japan  war. 

2.  Why  is  the  dismemberment  of  China  detrimental  to  the  interests 
of  the  United  States? 

3.  Discuss  the  policy  pursued  by  Secretary  Hay  toward  China. 


LECTURE  IV. 

THE  PROBLEM  OF  CHINA. 

I.  The  Future  of  China  Depends  Upon  Three  Conditions. 

1.  International  morality. 

2.  The  regeneration  of  China. 

3.  The  method  of  adjustment  of  rival  forces  now  acting  upon 
China. 

The  examination  of  the  above  conditions. 

II.  International  Morality. 

Weakness  of  moral  principles  binding  nations.  Folly  of 
putting  our  faith  in  such  utopian  ideas. 

III.  Can  China  Reform  Herself? 

Difficulties  in  the  way. 

1.  Pride  of  the  Chinese  — China’s  longevity  and  glorious 
past.  Cause  for  her  dislike  of  change.  Arrogance  of 
modern  nations  toward  China. 


o 


SITUATION  IN  THE  FAR  EAST 


2.  Attitude  of  the  reigning  dynasty  toward  reform.  Foreign 
policy  of  the  Manchu  rulers.  Why  they  hate  the  introduc- 
tion of  western  civilization.  Attempt  of  the  emperor 
Kwang-Hsii  to  undertake  reforms,  and  his  failure.  The 
empress  dowager. 

3.  Attitude  of  the  mandarins  and  literati  toward  modern 
reform.  Description  of  the  literati  as  a class.  Their  edu- 
cation, their  culture.  Corruption  the  means  of  their  living 
and  power.  Stock  of  their  knowledge.  Why  they  hate 
modern  reform. 

4.  Attitude  of  common  people  toward  reform. 

a)  Their  ignorance  of,  and  indifference  to,  politics.  Illus- 
trations given  by  Abbe  Hue.  But  the  Chinese  people 
not  necessarily  opposed  to  reform.  Their  hatred  of 
foreigners  and  of  alien  religion  not  inherent,  but 
imparted.  Christianity  not  persecuted  by  common 
people.  The  virtues  of  the  Chinese  people  — their 
industry,  economy,  patience,  doggedness  of  character, 
business  ability. 

b)  The  defects  of  the  Chinese. 

(1)  Lack  the  spirit  of  patriotism  and  loyalty.  Public 
feeling  or  community  of  sentiment  almost  non- 
existent. 

(2)  The  sense  of  honor,  besides  business  credit,  is  alien 
to  the  Chinese. 

(3)  Lack  martial  spirit.  Chinese  army  — its  miserable 
condition.  Military  class  is  looked  down  upon  with 
contempt  by  the  civilians. 

(4)  Lack  religious  zeal. 

(5)  Love  of  civil  and  political  liberty  is  not  existent. 

(6)  Miserable  status  of  the  common  people. 

IV.  Conclusions  Drawn  from  the  Above  Examination  as  to  the  Capacity 
of  China  to  Reform  Herself. 

Reform  movement  initiated  by  Kang-yu-Wei  and  his  followers. 
Reforms  undertaken  by  Chang-Chi-Tung  and  the  late  Liu- 
Kun-Yi. 


SITUATION  IN  THE  FAR  EAST  I I 

V.  The  Method  of  Adjustment  of  Rival  Forces  Now  Acting  Upon 
China. 

Four  foreign  elements  exerting  their  influences  upon  China 
— the  missionary,  the  trader,  the  concessionaire  or  syndicate, 
and  the  Powers  or  “ national  personalities.”  Examination  of 
the  influences  of  the  above  elements. 

VI.  The  Powers  Not  Likely  to  be  Satisfied  with  the  Possession  of 
Their  Respective  “Spheres  of  Influence.” 

Claims  and  ambitions  of  Russia,  France,  Germany,  Japan. 
The  commercial  ambition  of  the  United  States.  These  ambi- 
tions not  to  be  easily  satisfied,  and  often  clash  with  one 
another.  Is  the  sword,  then,  the  final  solution  ? The  exit 
from  the  dilemma  is  found  in  the  time-honored  “balance  of 
power.”  Captain  Mahan  on  the  subject. 

VII.  The  Key  to  the  Solution  of  the  China  Problem. 

Mutual  understanding  between  the  United  States,  Great  Bri- 
tain, and  Japan.  Its  strength  and  future.  Responsibility  of 
the  United  States. 

TOPICS  FOR  EXERCISES. 

1.  Why  is  the  introduction  of  modern  civilization  into  China  so 
difficult,  while  it  was  comparatively  easy  in  the  case  of  Japan  ? 

2.  Is  it  advisable,  in  your  opinion,  for  the  United  States  to  join 
formally  the  Anglo-Japanese  alliance  ? 


LECTURE  V. 

COMMERCE  AND  INDUSTRY  OF  THE  FAR  EAST. 

I.  Importance  of  the  Commercial  Question. 

II.  Relative  Importance  of  the  Different  Countries  of  the  Far  East 
from  the  Commercial  Standpoint. 

i.  Siberia.  Area  and  population.  The  areas  fit  for  the  pur- 
pose of  agriculture  and  industry.  Mujiks  of  Siberia  — 
their  characteristics. 


12 


SITUATION  IN  THE  FAR  EAST 


a)  Their  ignorance. 

b)  Their  laziness. 

c)  Their  obstinacy. 

d)  Their  lack  of  energy  and  perseverance. 

The  present  state  of  commerce  and  industry  of  Siberia. 
The  Russian  government  and  the  Trans-Siberian  Railway. 
The  advantages  derived  from  the  railway. 

a)  Passengers  from  Europe  to  Asia  save  time  and  money. 

b)  Quicker  transmission  of  mail. 

c)  Lighter  and  valuable  goods  easily  and  quickly  trans- 
ported. 

d)  Comparison  of  the  railway  with  the  sea  route  via  Suez 
Canal  and  via  Canada. 

e)  The  railroad  a great  stimulus  to  develop  Siberia. 

2.  French  Indo-China.  French  colony  a failure  from  financial 
standpoint.  French  aim  in  their  colony.  M.  Doumer,  the 
governor-general,  on  French  Indo-China.  Its  present 
foreign  trade. 

3.  The  American  Philippines. 

4.  English  colonies  in  the  Far  East. 

III.  Japan  from  the  Commercial  Standpoint. 

1.  Her  geographical  position. 

2.  Her  enterprising  people. 

3.  The  charges  against  her  merchants  and  manufacturers. 
Justice  of  some  of  the  charges.  Reason  for  the  low  stand- 
ard of  business  morality  among  the  Japanese  merchants. 
The  status  of  the  Japanese  merchants  and  manufacturers 
in  the  anti-Restoration  era.  The  new  generation  of  busi- 
ness men.  Graduates  of  higher  commercial  colleges  and 
other  technical  schools. 

IV.  China  from  the  Commercial  Standpoint. 

Immense  resources  of  the  empire.  The  Chinese  as  an  indus- 
trial and  commercial  factor. 


SITUATION  IN  THE  FAR  EAST 


*3 


1.  Their  business  ability. 

2.  Their  business  morality. 

3.  Their  industry;  illustration. 

4.  Their  economical  habit. 

5.  Skill  of  the  Chinese  operatives. 

6.  Docility  and  tractableness  of  the  Chinese  laborers. 

7.  Tougher  constitution  of  the  Chinese  laborer  compared 
with  that  of  the  westerner. 

“Among  the  various  races  of  mankind  the  Chinese  is 
the  only  one  which  in  all  climates,  the  hottest  and  the 
coldest,  is  capable  of  great  and  lasting  activity.” — Col- 
quhoun. 

Comparison  of  above  qualities  of  the  Chinese  with  those 
of  Mujiks  and  Filipinos. 

V.  Theory  of  “Yellow  Peril.” 

Military  “yellow  peril”  and  economic  “yellow  peril.”  The 
meaning  of  the  former  and  its  absurdity.  The  statement  of 
the  latter.  False  premises  of  the  theory.  Its  refutation. 
The  increase  of  human  wants  and  the  rise  of  standard  of  liv- 
ing with  the  progress  of  civilization.  Rise  of  wages  and  in 
the  prices  of  commodities  in  Shanghai  and  other  ports.  Why 
the  Chinese  laundry-men  and  laborers  in  this  country  live  so 
cheaply.  The  Chinese  in  Singapore  and  other  Asiatic  sea- 
ports. The  case  of  Japan  adduced,  showing  the  rise  of  wages 
and  in  prices  of  commodities  as  she  raised  herself  in  the 
scale  of  civilization.  The  theory  of  “yellow  peril”  compared 
with  the  “mercantile  theory.”  The  folly  of  the  westerners  in 
fearing  the  “yellow  peril.”  Conclusion. 

TOPICS  FOR  EXERCISES. 

1.  Discuss  the  value  of  the  Philippines  as  a commercial  asset  to 
the  United  States. 

2.  State  the  theory  of  “yellow  peril”  and  your  opinion  about  it. 

3.  Discuss  the  commercial  prospects  of  the  United  States  in  the  Far 
East. 


M 


SITUATION  IN  THE  FAR  EAST 


LECTURE  VI. 

RUSSIAN  EXPANSION  IN  ASIA  AND  THE  MANCHURIAN  SITUATION. 

I.  The  Recent  Reported  Russian  Demands  to  China  Concerning  the 
Manchurian  Affairs. 

The  American  newspaper  comments  on  the  demands,  and 
their  subsequent  denial  by  the  Russian  government.  The 
duplicity  and  mystery  of  the  Russian  diplomacy.  The  subse- 
quent development  of  the  Manchurian  situation. 

II.  Resources  and  Trade  of  Manchuria. 

1.  Geographical  position  of  Manchuria. 

2.  Its  area,  division  into  provinces,  and  physiography. 

3.  Its  soil  and  mineral  resources. 

4.  Its  population  and  character  of  the  inhabitants. 

5.  Its  recent  trade  development. 

6.  Commercial  interest  of  the  United  States  in  Manchuria. 

III.  Retrospect  of  Russian  Aggression  in  Eastern  Asia. 

1.  Principality  of  Moscow  the  embryo  of  modern  Russia. 

2.  Russia  under  Ivan  the  Terrible. 

3.  A century  of  Russian  expansion  in  the  East. 

a ) Yermak. 

b)  Kabaroff. 

c)  Atlasoff,  Dejneff,  Stepanoff,  Poyarkoff. 

Characteristics  of  these  adventurers.  Russian  policy  in 
treating  them. 

d)  Cossacks — their  qualities. 

4.  Treaty  of  Nerchinsk. 

5.  Russia  wants  an  outlet  to  the  sea. 

a)  Russian  position  on  the  Baltic. 

b)  Her  outlet  to  the  Mediterranean  closed  by  the  European 
powers. 

c)  That  to  the  Persian  Gulf  blocked  by  the  English. 

d)  The  Arctic  Ocean  useless. 

e ) Hence  Russia  bends  her  whole  energy  to  gain  an  outlet 
to  the  Pacific. 


SITUATION  IN  THE  FAR  EAST 


15 


6.  Muravioff,  Count  Amurski.  His  statesmanship.  Treaty  of 
Aigun  of  1858.  Fruits  of  Russian  diplomatic  victory. 
Treaty  of  Peking  of  i860  and  its  result  on  Russia.  Rus- 
sian naval  stations  on  the  Pacific — Petropavlofsk,  Nikolaisk, 
Vladivostock. 

7.  Intervention  of  Russia  on  the  cession  of  the  Laio-Tung 
Peninsula  by  China  to  Japan.  The  fruits  of  the  skilful 
diplomacy.  The  Trans- Manchurian  Railway  agreement 
and  the  lease  of  Port  Arthur  and  Talien  Wan.  Signifi- 
cance of  these  developments  on  the  Manchurian  situation. 

8.  The  Boxer  outbreak  and  the  Russian  occupation  of  Man- 
churia. 

9.  Manchurian  convention  of  June,  1902.  Its  terms.  The 
cause  for  Russia’s  signing  the  convention. 

10.  Subsequent  developments  of  the  Manchurian  situation  to 
the  present. 

IV.  Importance  of  the  Manchurian  Question. 

Not  a local  question.  It  involves  the  problem  of  China.  The 
permanent  Russian  occupation  of  Manchuria  will  lead  to  the 
ultimate  partition  of  China. 

V.  Interest  of  the  United  States  and  Japan  in  the  Question. 


TOPICS  FOR  EXERCISES. 


I. 


2. 


Discuss  the  probable  result  of  Manchurian  absorption  by  Russia 
upon  the  western  powers  and  China. 

What  will  be  the  effect  upon  the  United  States  in  case  Manchuria 
falls  into  the  hands  of  Russia? 

Is  it  a wise  policy  for  the  United  States  to  let  Japan  fight  alone 
for  Manchuria?  JJjjC 


...  5 


1931 


UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 


